Profile of the Scandinavian Explorer Erik the Red

Profile of the Scandinavian Explorer Erik the Red Erik Thorvaldson (likewise spelled Eric or Eirik Torvaldsson; in Norwegian, Eirik Raude). As the child of Thorvald, he was known as Erik Thorvaldson until he was named the Red for his red hair. Prominent Accomplishment Establishing the main European settlement on Greenland. Occupations LeaderExplorer Spots of Residence and Influence Scandinavia Significant Dates Conceived: c. 950 Passed on: 1003 Life story A lot of what researchers comprehend about Eriks life originates from Eirik the Reds Saga, an epic story composed by an obscure creator in the mid-thirteenth century.â Erik was conceived in Norway to a man named Thorvald and his significant other and was in this way known as Erik Thorvaldsson. He was given the name Erik the Red as a result of his red hair; albeit later sources credit the moniker to his blazing temper, there is no away from of this. When Erik was as yet a kid, his dad was indicted for murder and ousted from Norway. Thorvald went to Iceland and took Erik with him. Thorvald and his child lived in western Iceland. Not long after Thorvald kicked the bucket, Erik wedded a lady named Thjodhild, whose father, Jorund, may have given the land that Erik and his lady chose in Haukadale (Hawkdale). It was while he was inhabiting this property, which Erik named Eriksstadr (Eriks ranch), that his bondages (workers) caused an avalanche that harmed the homestead having a place with his neighbor Valthjof. A brother of Valthjof, Eyjolf the Foul, murdered the bondages. In reprisal, Erik murdered Eyjolf and in any event one other man. As opposed to raise a blood fight, Eyjolfs family established lawful procedures against Erik for these killings. Erik was seen as liable of murder and exiled from Hawkdale. He at that point took up living arrangement further north (as indicated by Eiriks Saga, He involved then Brokey and Eyxney, and abided at Tradir, in Sudrey, the first winter.)â While building another residence, Erik loaned what were obviously important columns for seat-stocks to his neighbor, Thorgest. At the point when he was prepared to guarantee their arrival, Thorgest wouldn't surrender them. Erik claimed the columns himself, and Thorgest gave pursue; battling resulted, and a few men were executed, including two children of Thorgest. Indeed legitimate procedures occurred, and by and by Erik was ousted from his home for murder. Disappointed with these legitimate wranglings, Erik turned his eyes westbound. The edges of what ended up being a colossal island were obvious from the peaks of western Iceland, and the Norwegian Gunnbjã ¶rn Ulfsson had cruised close to the island a few years sooner, however in the event that hed made landfall its not recorded. There was no uncertainty that there was a land there, and Erik resolved to investigate it himself and decide if it could be settled. He set sail with his family and some domesticated animals in 982. The immediate way to deal with the island was ineffective, because of float ice, so Eriks party proceeded around the southern tip until they came to introduce day Julianehab. As per Eiriks Saga, the undertaking went through three years on the island; Erik wandered far and wide and named all the spots he came to. They didnt experience some other individuals. They at that point returned to Iceland to persuade others to come back to the land and build up a settlement. Erik called the spot Greenland since, he stated, men will want a lot of the more to go there if the land has a decent name. Erik prevailing with regards to persuading numerous settlers to go along with him on a subsequent undertaking. 25 boats set sail, yet just 14 boats and around 350 individuals landed securely. They established a settlement, and by about the year 1000 there were around 1,000 Scandinavian pioneers there. Sadly, a pandemic in 1002 diminished their number impressively, and in the long run, Eriks settlement ceased to exist. Nonetheless, other Norse settlements would make due until the 1400s, when interchanges strangely stopped for over a century. Eriks child Leif would lead a campaign to America around the turn of the thousand years.

Radiology of Pulmonary Infection, Lowry Example For Students

Radiology of Pulmonary Infection, Lowry Pneumonia CXR Lung Cancer CXR RML. Right heart fringe is being obscured/lost Atelectasis CXR This specific one is in the minor crevice Loculated Pleural Fluid CXR Pneumonia CT Atelectasis CT Lung Cancer CT Pleural Fluid CT The passing of an ordinary interface or outskirt because of the obsessive opacification of a locale. Outline Sign Typical CXR Interfaces - Accentuation of patent aviation routes inside a darkness - Surrounding airspace if liquid filled - More reminiscent of pneumonia than atelectasis Air Bronchograms - Peripheral darkness that quickly advances into an intersecting homogenous solidification - Nonsegmental - Effects whole flap - Commonly brought about by streptococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella - as a rule mends without sequela Lobar Pneumonia CXR - Form of lobar pneumonia - Klebsiella traditionally, S. Pneumo increasingly normal - Bulging crevice Round Pneumonia - Infection of the aviation route mucosa that reaches out into alveoli - Patchy nodular opacities - S. Aureus, or G-living beings - Scarring in the wake of mending Bronchopneumonia CXR - Anaerobic microbes - Findings; respective average lower low basal portion, right more typical than left. - Can get necrotic, capitate, and structure a canker. - Any patient that can't ensure their aviation route is in danger. Yearning Bronchopneumonia - Viruses, M. pneumoniae, PCP - Inflammation of interstitium - Bilateral symmetric direct reticular opacities - CT; Ground glass, whatever the (%$ that is. Interstitial Pneumonia - Organizing pneumonia - Cancer - Timeline separates them. Maladies that imitate pneumonia - Disease with histo depiction of fringe airspaces loading up with mononuclear cells, frothy macrophages, and sorting out fibrosis. - Many known causes - Findings; variable appearances with transitory multifocal fringe opacities. - Clinical; tolerant with ensured ineffective hack and second rate fever with prohibitive example on PFT. Doesn't react to anti-infection agents, responds to steroids. - Good visualization. Arranging pneumonia - Persistent haziness regardless of treatment Malignant growth - Get littler post treatment - Halo fringe Intensely present or die down on sequential imaging Irresistible knobs - Thick walled depression - Due to blended anaerobic disease (S Aureus, pseudomonas) - Often identified with goal, poor dental cleanliness, LOC, esophageal dysmotlity, neurological ailment Lung Abscess - Hematogenous spread of disease - Multiple fringe basilar knobs, which may cavitate. - Some may show a taking care of vessel, and an infarct - Related to IVDU, and bacterial tricuspid valve endocarditis - Staph Aureus and epidermis. Septic Emboli - Purulent material in the pleural space - Often identified with development of a parapneumonic emission, or a basic lung disease that emits into the pleural space (ulcer or septic emboli). - Often found - Split Pleural sign Empyema - Granuloma; generous calcified knobs in the lung speaking to safe reaction to certain obsessive abuse. - Caused by irresistible and non-irresistible causes - Common irresistible causes; Histo and TB. - Often observed with calcified hilar/mediastinal lymph hubs and hepatic/splenic granulomata. Granulomatous sickness in the lung Movement of TB Infection - Clinical contamination following first presentation. - Usually asymptomatic in youngsters, just distinguished by means of PPD. - Symptomatic in grown-ups. - FTT, night sweats, weight reduction, hemoptysis. - Often no imaging signs. Essential TB - Airspace union, right more frequently than left. - Mediastinal and ipsilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in youngsters and immunocompromised. Atelectasis may happen from pressure of focal aviation routes. - Plural emanation, normally little, disconnected, and one-sided. - Findings clear gradually. Discoveries in essential TB - Ghon complex; Visualization of sight of introductory contamination and developed ipsilateral lymph hub. - Ranke Complex; Calcified tuberculoma and ipsilateral hilar lymph hub. Dormant TB - Consolidation process - Extensive union and cavitation can create. - Posterior upper projection and predominant fragment of lower flaps is generally normal. Essential Progressive TB - Reactivation TB - Classically in the apical back upper projections and predominant fragments of lower flaps. - Rarely any pleural emission or LAD. - May be related with Tree in Bud opacities, which shows the spread of the ailment by means of the little aviation routes. (Picture) Post Primary TB - Miliary TB - shows hematogenous spread Dispersed Disease - CD4>200; common post-essential discoveries - CD4 Tuberculosis in the Immunocompromised - Consolidation - Endobronchial spread - Miliary Patterns - Centrilobular knobs (tree in bud) - Primary, dynamic essential, post-essential. Indications of Active TB - Bronchiectasis - Linear scarring - Calcified knobs. - Stable for 6mos. Indications of idle TB - M Avium Intracellulare Complex (MAC) - From regular water, soil, and creatures. - Types; cavitary, bronchiectasis and knobs, centrilobular knobs. - Symptom; interminable hack. Non-Tubercular mycobacterium - Resembles post essential TB - Older men in 60s with COPD or somewhat immunocompromised. Cavitary MAC - Bronchiectasis with waxing/winding down knobs. - Middle projection and lingual prevalent - Women in their 60s. - Lady Wndemere disorder Bronchiectasis and knobs MAC - Centrilobular ground glass knobs - Owners of hot tubs - Hot tub lung Macintosh with touchiness pneumonitis - Bronchitis; hack and fever, +/ - union - Bronchiectasis Ceaseless Infection of the aviation routes - AR hereditary turmoil with diminished aviation route bodily fluid leeway. - Upper flap in focal cystic/varicoid bronchiectasis - Pseudomonas, aspergillus, mycobacterial contamination Cystic Fibrosis - Invasive; neutropenic patients. - Semi-intrusive; mellow immunocompromised patients. (Ceaseless necrotizing aspergillosis) - Mycetoma; typical invulnerability, history of apical depression. - Findings; angio intrusive (radiances early, air bow late), aviation route obtrusive (tree in bud and centrilobar knobs) Aspergillosis - Mild immunocompromised patients - Chronic necrotizing aspergillosis - Findings like TB; upper flap solidification and depression. Semi-intrusive Aspergillosis - Mycetoma. - Normal invulnerability - History of apical pit (earlier TB, bull, canker) Organism ball fills a previous depression. Saprophytic Aspergillosis

How to Survive When Your Spouse Has the Flu

How to Survive When Your Spouse Has the Flu Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Survive When Your Spouse Has the Flu By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sarah Kashner / STOCK4B-RF / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse If your best friend in the world, your lover, your life-long mate, has been hit with the flu, you might suddenly find yourself taking care of a whimpering, demanding, annoying childlike adult. This doesnt mean the end of your marriage. While it isnt easy, you can survive your spouses flu. Most of the time, the flu is a self-limited infection that gets better on its own. You can help keep your spouse comfortable as the infection is clearingâ€"and rest assured  that your loved one will get better soon. Easing Your Burden When your spouse is sick, it is an extra burden on you. While your spouse will likely stay home from work, you probably cant take sick leave, and you are also going to have to pick up the slack of taking care of the house, kids, car, errands, etc. while your spouse is recovering. On top of all that, you are probably the only one who really knows how to make your spouse comfortable. So this can leave you feeling exhausted. And, you also need to try to prevent yourself and the rest of the household from catching the flu. This is a tall order, but there are some strategies you can use to survive your spouses bout with the flu. Tips for Keeping Yourself Healthy: Try to avoid getting the flu by getting a flu shot.?? It is better to do this before your spouse gets sick, but if you havent gotten around to it yet, now is a good time.When someone in the house is sick with the flu, wash surfaces with a 10% bleach solution or a bacteria-fighting cleanser.??Keep yourself well by washing your hands frequently.??Dont give your spouse a little bell to ring. No matter how miserable he or she is with the flu, you will become needlessly exhausted and irritable if you are summoned by the sound of a bell!Treat yourself to a little luxury like a box of chocolates, a glass of wine, a good book, a hot bath or shower, a nap or a favorite movie on TV. Taking Care of Your Spouse Most adults dont like to depend on others, except for their husband or wife. Your spouse will likely feel weak, tired, miserable, achy, and alternate between hunger and lack of appetite, and will lean on you for support. You can help make this flu a little easier to bear for your spouse. Tips to Keep Your Spouse Comfortable and Healthy : As soon as you know for sure that it is the flu that has downed your spouse, put a cool cloth on his/her forehead for comfort.Keep pushing liquids at your ill, flu-ridden mate. They replenish lost body fluids, electrolytes, and minerals. Sports drinks, juices, and water are okay. Dont serve caffeinated or alcoholic drinks.Serve chicken soup. It is an easily digested liquid with lots of minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates and makes you look like a compassionate, caring person even if you dont feel that way.When your spouse is feverish with the flu, a tepid bath is soothing and helpful. Lower the heat, remove the covers and have your mate take off socks and extra clothing. Rubbing alcohol baths are ?no longer recommended.Insist that your spouse rests while ill with the flu. That means minimal TV, computer, and cell phone.Think about throwing out your spouses toothbrush and lip balms or lipsticks if theyve been around for quite awhile.A humidifier can cut down on your spouses congesti on and make it easier to breathe. Be sure to change the water and clean the humidifier daily so that it will not become contaminated with bacteria.Change bed linens often. Nice clean, fresh sheets are comforting. Plump the pillows now and then.Keep your sense of humorâ€"this will pass, and there is no need to add hard feelings or mean words to your spouses headaches as he or she is recovering!If your spouse is sick with the flu for more than a week  or appears to be feeling worse, make an appointment with a physician. What to Do When Your Spouse Refuses to See a Doctor

Social Exclusion for Older People - 642 Words

Globally, a decline in maternal mortality, fertility, infectious and parasitic diseases combined with improvements in nutrition and education has resulted in the growth of older persons numerically around the world. (United Nations, 2001a; World Health Organization, 2000). Ageing should be a positive experience. However while some have the chance to more leisure, or spend time with friends and family others experience isolation and exclusion. The process of ageing is taking place in an era in which the traditional systems that support elderly care have been transformed by the processes of modernization and globalization that do not correspond welfare systems. According to WHO (2001), by 2050 the number of people over age 60 (elderly) living in Africa will increase from 50 million to 200 million. This demographic shift, never before known will have profound implications for society, influencing peoples social, economic and political lives. A Worldwide population of 810 million persons aged 60 years and above, representing 11.5 percent of the world’s total population of 7 billion. With Europe being currently with 22 percent of its population aged 60 years and above. Japan has the highest proportion (31.6%) of older persons. The pace of population ageing is progressing faster in the developing countries. Africa, which for instance has the youngest population today, will have 10 percent of its population aged 60 years and above by 2050 (Population and Housing Report 2010).Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Cultural Diversity For Chinese Students834 Words   |  4 Pagesorganizations have advocated that local people need to be open for international students and are encouraged to make friends with each other (Oatey and Xiong, 2006). Such multiple cultural networks will be beneficial to avoid social exclusion effectively. As for Chinese families in Britain, there are not sufficient social welfare and adequate funding to satisfy Chinese people’s various needs from social activities and cultural cohesion, especially older people who suffer with mental illness (BhuiRead MoreUrbanization Is A Necessary Process For A Country1551 Words   |  7 Pagesnecessary process for a country to develop. It can also be used to measure a country s wealth as it provides opportunities for sustainability and the usage of resources more efficiently affecting areas both positively and negatively by influencing the social, economic and environmental changes of a country (wiki)2. The process of urbanization requires time, land and money, when most of a country s population reside in urban areas the level of urbanization becomes high and showing the country s levelRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Community1098 Words   |  5 Pageshave painted a part of beautiful Wellesley scenery. The recycled properties increase the value of the houses on the street, which in turn increases the property tax bill due to increased assessed values. It resembles a domino effect. Many elderly people are trying hard to stand firm on their feet to avoid being knocked over, but controlling their environment is nearly impossible and seeing annual updated assessed property values with increased appreciation may only be described as a nightmare. Read MoreThe Most Important Social Issue in America Today870 Words   |  4 PagesSocial issues have plagued the women and minorities of our country for decades upon decades, degrading them as if emotions and morals were not evident amongst them. The article entitled Affirmative Action states that as representation of minorities and women became more and more necessary, a movement called affirmative action became an important issue. Affirmative action is not limited to the uplifting of certain genders and races, but it focuses on establishing standards of certain ethicalRead MoreThe Social Model Of The Elderly918 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion by 2035 in the UK, due to low fertility rates, improved healthcare and thus longer life expectancy (Rutherford 2012), which is problematic due to many experiencing multiple exclusion (Age Concern England 2008). The problem intensifies once over aged 75 (De Markokos 2008). This is due to what geographers label the ‘social model’ w hereby as ageing occurs there is a progressive withdrawal from society, especially in Western cultures after retirement age (Gregory et al. 2009 p.12), leading to highRead MoreHow Is Poverty Constructed as a Social Problem in the Uk Today?1720 Words   |  7 PagesHow is poverty constructed as a social problem in the UK today? Abstract. The term ‘social problem’ refers to certain problems that are socially recognised by society and are felt to threaten certain values cherished by the public. This essay will investigate the different types of poverty that occur in the U.K and will explore the sociological arguments as to how poverty links with social problems such as social exclusion, gender discrimination in the work place, lone-parenting and disabilityRead MoreThe Health Of Poor People1292 Words   |  6 Pages The health of poor people is affected most around the world. Studies suggest that the health of any individual is badly imfluenced by low socioeconomic status of that person. There is a social gradient in health that runs from top to bottom of the socioeconomic spectrum. The social gradient in health means that health inequities affect everyone (WHO 2014). Psychosocial: Neo material: Measurements of poverty: Poverty is defined as the pronounced deprivation of well-being, or the inabilityRead MoreDealing with Citizenship and All It Encompasses890 Words   |  4 Pageswill be dealing with citizenship, concepts of societal inclusion and exclusion. I will define citizenship as a person who is legally recognised by a state under the law. However, Bryan Turner (1993:2) best defines citizenship â€Å"as that set of practices (juridical, political, economic and cultural) which defines a person as a competent member of a society and which is a consequence shape the flow of resources to persons and social groups†. Citizenship is also a status that entitles an individual toRead MoreTerrorism: Root Causes. There Is Not One Commonly Used1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines terrorism as â€Å"the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in further ance of political or social objectives.† (Federal Bureau of investigation 2016) This definition does a good job of using language that is all encompassing of the different types of terrorism that exist. Additionally, this definition is favorable because it makes mention of violenceRead MoreRegeneration in Public Housing Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to create a more balanced social mix throughout suburbs and regions in Australia to stop the cycle of disadvantage. Moreover, it will provide information on the current issues surrounding social housing, the authorities’ proposals for a resolution and the expected benefits that should result from the new approach to public housing developments. Various strategies are being tested throughout estates in Australia to resolve the issues manifested in large social housing estates. The Carlton High

Imagination As A Killer Tim O Brien s The Things They...

Imagination as a Killer: An Analysis of Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried† In Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"The Things They Carried†, O’Brien created several allusions that each character endured during the Vietnam War. Throughout the story were vast representations of the things soldiers carried both mentally and physically. The things they carried symbolized their individual roles internally and externally. In addition to symbolism, imagination was a focal theme that stood out amongst the characters. This particular theme played a role as the silent killer amongst Lt. Cross and the platoon both individually and collectively as a group. The theme of imagination created an in depth look of how the war was perceived through each character which helped emphasize their thoughts from an emotional stand point of being young men out at war. Imagination hindered the platoon which clouded their judgment and decision making. Instead of remaining focused their wondering mind lacked what was necessary, assessing the task at hand. â€Å"In some respects, though not many, the waiting was worse than the tunnel itself. Imagination was a killer.† (O’Brien 619) In relation to the quote â€Å"imagination was a killer†, this metaphor represents how the soldiers made situations like being in the tunnel mentally challenging for themselves. Paranoia quickly consumed their thoughts and emotions before partaking in the actual mission. The men envisioned awful scenarios that could occur which aided theirShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried : Writing Task1107 Words   |  5 PagesThe Things They Carried - Writing Task By Charlie Evans – Word Count: 1099 Storytelling is the interactive art of using words and actions to reveal the elements and images of a story while encouraging the reader’s imagination. Tim O’Brien the author of the novel The Things They Carried demonstrates storytelling to maximise the significance of story truth versus happening truth and the focus on emotion and feeling, not the events. These main ideas O’Brien displays is reinforced through the choicesRead MoreEmotional Experiences in Tim O ´Brien ´s The Things They Carried 2785 Words   |  12 Pagesamount of time but can an experience from a person’s mind can ever be forgotten, can a person ever be able to resolve his own conflict: his fight with his emotions, changes, and his own mind? Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried is a powerful combination of fact and fiction; through description and imagination, O’Brien allows the reader to feel a soldiers hardships in the war and emotional state. His purpose of t he book is to tell a war story, which isn’t true, doesn’t have a teaching, cannot beRead MoreHow to Tell a True War Story2535 Words   |  11 PagesThe story by Tim O’Brien shows how the soldiers are themselves and can also be serious. O’Brien also sees how Vietnam changes the soldiers and how they see the world now. There will be people that will ask if it’s true or not true they can asks what happened. There can be different ways to tell a story but they can ask what happen. O’Brien would know which story he really believes. O’Brien will give use by looking at Rat’s point of view, and Sanders point of view of Lemon death and how Rat copes

What You Should Do to Find Out About Applytexas Essay Samples Before Youre Left Behind

What You Should Do to Find Out About Applytexas Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind Now you can get genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get affordable essay rather than writing it themselves. Be specific here, as it might be cliche to just say I would like to change and repair the world or I learned that my loved ones and neighborhood love me. You'll be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and once you choose to purchase essay and select an allocated writer, things are likely to get even more exciting. Yet another secret is that for us, you're not average. As our group of writers is pretty big, we always have free writers ready to bring a manageable and well-paid purchase. You don't need to return to school to prepare for the GED test. Not only has this but additionally it is low-cost. These tests will construct your confidence and your time management abilities. The Nuiances of Applytexas Essay Samples Buy essays from us and you could always be certain of high-quality paper that could assure you quality grade. PaperCoach can assist you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment! Personal essays can at times consist of personal information which you would not like to share. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. A Startling F act about Applytexas Essay Samples Uncovered Your introductory paragraph needs to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. Emphasize your position is the very best by summarizing the key points of your argument. While the focus is largely on your side, there's also a discussion concerning the opposing side which goes far beyond a single sentence or a paragraph. The absolute most crucial element of such an essay is the sort of materials which you will use and cite. New Questions About Applytexas Essay Samples Remember an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Luckily, you've come to the correct place to discover the best remedy to every single academic writing problem that you're currently facing with your essay. Remember that the amount of your essay is dependent upon the assignment offered to you. This platform to get your sophisticated essay delivered in time. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Applytexas Essay Samples The c ost of an essay depends upon the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. An amazing structure that can be utilized to help write an essay is the TEXAS format. The main portion of a quick essay is known as the body. Order top-notch essay at this time and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at fair price. Applytexas Essay Samples If you are able to use the provided information in a sensible way, you're going to be in a position to create your efficient study program. You may easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our professional experts. As a consequence, such students search for the best essay help to make certain that their project is going to be produced at the maximal level in accord with all academic standards. Don't forget, cheap research services can do the job badly, and plagiarize materials from some other sources. There's several essays complete d by them. Among the things to notice about this essay is the fact that it has quite a brief introduction and conclusion. Short essays, as its name implies, ought to be concise and succinct. At this time, you might just be thinking that you're finished with your essay, but you're not. Our aim is to supply you with a professionally written essay on this issue you require. First and foremost it's vital to be sure that you comprehend the essay question fully and your essay answers each part of the question adequately. It may help you brainstorm some suggestions for your next scholarship essay. Our company is the best choice for people who are looking for professional writing help. Even then you're unable to discover the informative and accurate info. Should you need more assistance with editing and revising, there are a few free tools readily available online. For example, think about the topic from the aforementioned link regarding traditional versus alternative medication.

Digital Forensics Investigative Plan †Free Sample Available

Question: As part of the auditing team in capacity of a Digital Forensics expert, your task is to prepare digital forensics investigative plan to enable a systematic collection of evidence and subsequent forensic analysis of the electronic and digital data. Assuming all systems are Windows based, this plan should detail following: (1) Justify why use of the digital forensic methodology and approach is warranted including procedures for corporate investigation.(Apply with the case study) (2) Describe the resources required to conduct a digital forensic investigation, including team member skill sets and required tools. .(Apply with the case study) (3) Outline an approach for data/evidence identification and acquisition that would occur in order to prepare the auditors for review of the digital evidence. (Apply with the case study) (4) Outline an approach and steps to be taken during the analysis phase making the assumption the computer system is a Microsoft Windows-based computer. .(Apply with the case study) (5) Create a table of contents for the investigative plan describing what the primary focus of the report would be. .(Apply with the case study) Answer: Executive Summary Global Finance Company is one of the largest companies in Australia with 10,000 employees placed in all over the world, in its branches. The company has multiple sectors of interest that include investment, superannuation and retirement services. The clients of the company start from individuals to larger corporate and superannuation fund investors. The expertise of the company includes fixed interest, property, fixed interest, private equity, infrastructure and global shares. Company has initiated the global business in the year 2000, with the assistance and support of Information Technology. Information security has become a concern, over the years after setting the IT infrastructure. Company realizing the security of the information after a suspicion of compromise happened in one of its regional branch, enforces a digital forensic audit team to explore the sources of compromise with the vision of applying securing practices throughout all its branches in the world. Introduction A concern has been raised Queensland branch, in one of its regional branches by a suspicion of compromise of computer of a manager. Information security officer, at head office, who is accountable to the incident, has enforced an audit team to investigate the source of compromise and to submit the report to the officer. The case study includes the complete digital forensic process done by the audit team.Global Finance Company and the Concern Global Finance Company is an international player in the financial market with 10,000 employees working throughout the world. The company actively provides financial services both in Australia and outside Australia. The company has introduced computerization and network communication among all the branches by setting up information technology infrastructure worldwide, in the year 2000. Right from then, security of the information has not been taken as the priority and no such actions were taken accordingly. Recently a concern was raised by one of the managers from the regional branches, regarding the security of the information, as the manager suspected that the computer used had been compromised. Having no active supervision of the information and its security with poor implementation of the network segmentation and firewall, the information security officer believed the suspicion and enforced a digital forensic audit team to investigate the security concern and provide the report to the same officer. The investigation proposed was to be done over the data present in the managers computer, like MS-Word, Spreadsheets, Outlook and also deleted files. Digital Forensic Methodology The information security officer has understood that the computers and network over the regional branches are not enough secured as the firewalls and network segmentation were poor. So, the officer has proposed a macro level investigation, digital forensic methodology, which includes many of sub-methodologies like computer forensic, mobile forensic, data recovery.Whatever the digital forensic methodology applied and followed by the audit team, the team has to be abide the following principles, which are for the private company investigation. 1.The data present in the targeted computers must be preserved as is and should not be modified, as the same data has to be presented as a reference in the report.2. The audit team member must be have enough expertise, so that the original data can be handled safely, as the data is the precious and significant resource of the company.3. The audit trial and relevant documentation that is involved in the entire process must be well preserved.4. Information security officer is the whole and sole responsible for the audit and security of the information of the company. Scope of the Digital Forensic Investigation The scope of the investigation involves the following.1. To identify all possible malicious activities explored with 5Ws or why, where, what, when and who, caused for the compromise of the managers computer2. To identify the security lapse3. To identify all possible digital evidences from every computer and associated network present in the Queensland branch office4. To find and analyze the impact of the compromise to the branch5. To identify the relevant legal procedure, when illegal or alleged misconduct activity is found6. To submit the detailed final report to the chief, the information security officer, located in the head office, who takes the consequent actions to be performed to secure the information in all the branches of Global Finace. Digital Forensic Approach We apply Four Step Forensics Process for the case of Global Finance information security concern. Figure 1: FSFP Digital Forensic Model Digital Forensic Preparation For The Investigation FSFP Digital forensic investigation process is conducted in phases. The phases are, PHASE 1 - COLLECTION OF REQUIRED RESOURCES Collection is the acquisition of the data after identifying, labeling and recording it from all the computing devices in the Queensland branch. Data collection is done in two ways, volatile data collection and non-volatile data collection. While the data is got ready for the collection, the impact of investigation also has to be made, in terms of down time and productivity of the company. Managers computer should not shut down as the running system can give crucial information, about the compromise. Volatile Data Acquisition The managers computer, which is the targeted computer must be accessed through the LAN connection. Here the servers and workstations are run on Microsoft Windows and the same OS based. cryptcat tool can used to hear from the server of the network. A tool set that is trusted to be used and record through cmd.exe file. Then the commands have to be executed. Cryptcat 6543 k key Cryptcat -1 p 6543 k key Graphical user interface tools also are to be used like RootKit Revealer, Tcpview and Process explorer for collection potential hidden data of the system. other Windows based tools that are to be used on the Windows based systems are, HBGrays fastDump to aquire the local physical memory HBGrays F-Response to acquire remote physical memory Ipconfig for collecting the subject system details Netusers and qusers for identifying logged in user information Doskey or history for collecting command history Netfile for identifying the drivers and services Volatile data acquisition is done from various computing resources. RAM or Random Access Memory, Cache memory and registry Information from firewalls, network diagrams, servers, switches, routers, implemented networking devices like routers, etc. Data from clipboard is very significant and potential source for the forensic investigation Network connection, network data, running processes Non Volatile Data Acquisition Non volatile data is collected from the permanent storage devices. Copying the non volatile data from the regional office is done and this process is called forensic imaging. All t Permanent storage data from Hard Disc, pen drives, DVDs, CDs, pen drives, flash drives and remote computer. Online data like database logs, application logs, web server logs, Windows event logs, firewall logs, IDs logs, antivirus logs and domain controller logs All the non volatile data is collected from the target managers computer. The data has to be preserved without doing any modifications. Forensic imaging can be accomplished by various tools like, FTK, ProDiscover and EnCase. The data is copied as the read only memory by the audit team, using the write blocker. This process is different from the hard disc cloning, as it cannot give integrated data including the metadata.Apart from the volatile and non volatile data acquisition, online and offline data acquisition is also performed by the audit team. Online tools used for tracking online information are Wireshrk or ethereal tool.Once the audit team collects all the digital evidences, these evidences are to be well documented right from beginning to the end so that the integrity can be maintained. The entire media is made to be read only, till the report is submitted to the information security officer. PHASE 2: EXAMINATION After the digital evidence collection, the team does thorough examination with the help of many forensic investigation tools. The examination is conducted for the following. File System Examination NTFS or New Technology File System disc is a configuration file, and it contains MFT or Master File Table. MFT carries the important information regarding the discs and files in the operating system in the form of records of metadata. MFT carries residential and non residential files.The data stream file is stored as c: echo text_mass file1.txt:file2.txt The above can be accomplished from the command, c:more file1.txt:file2.txt Windows Registry Examination Team considers the Windows registry to be a critical source from its crutial log file, as these logs can reveal potential information about modifications done to the file, lastwrites attempted. The windows registry structure, in terms of its hives are, HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT HKEY_USERS HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Autostart : it is a part of registry, which is launched without the user initiation. Most Recent Used List or MRU: It shows all the current activities. User Activity: actions and activities performed by the user on taget computer can be investigated through the hive, HKEY_CURRENT_USER Audit team can gather several other clues from UserAssist, Wireless SSIDs, USB Removable Storage, and many others. Audit team gathers much important evidences from the past data history of the target computer. Database Forensic Examination The database stored in the managers computer is well tracked by the team, in terms of data identification, preservation and analysis. The remote connections, IP addresses for the possibilities of authorized and unauthorized access of the target computer. They use Data Definition Language or DDL, Data Manipulation Language or DML for database transactions. Customized configuration file can be used by the team to execute Distributed Management Views and Database Consistency Checker. Network Forensic Examination Packet forensic or mining is to be tracked by the team through the network to track the network traffic for browsing data, queries, mails, etc. Network forensic is done two ways like security related data and law enforcement related data. Audit team can further grab the system information, process listing, service listing, logged on users, registry data, system information, network connection, binary dump into the memory. Packet sniffers are also used to identify, mapping, email communication, fingerprinting and many others. PHASE 3 - ANALYSIS After each and every piece of data is examined for potential unauthorized sources, the analysis is done by the team, as, Gather the unusual or hidden files For unusually opened sockets Unusual accounts Unusual application requests Malicious activities Complete file systems analysis Complete memory analysis Patching level system and updated levels Malicious activities Complete timeline analysis Malware analysis Complete event correlation analysis Malware analysis is deeply analyzed as it is the potential source of compromise and it includes the sub tasks like prefetch examination, registry examination. Audit team may use either static analysis or dynamic analysis for the malware analysis. PHASE 4 - FINDINGS The findings are then considered to be listed by the audit team and are summarized as follows, Identification of the computer of the manager by the attacker through remote access OS patches, in case not done in the target computer Identification of the source of compromise of the computer Suspected malware PHASE 5 REPORT Audit team finally generates the final report in any of the format, like verbal report, formal report, examination plan or written report. In this case a formal and written report is generated to submit to the information security officer in the head office. Final Report Purpose of the Report The report is submitted for the formal digitally investigated information about every source of compromise happened to the managers computer, and the rest of the computers in the regional office. Author of the Report Information Security Officer Incident Summary The source of the compromise explored from the managers computer is caused from x1, x2 and x3 reasons evidence Every log file and every important digital evidences tracked in the investigation analysis Analysis of the unauthorized sources, done from the sources x, y and z conclusion The managers computer and every other computing device in the regional office are thoroughly digitally investigated and finally the sources of compromise are found supporting documents Supporting documents include Volatile and non- volatile data, registry info, log info, every reports generated from the analysis tools and so on. CONCLUSON The managers computer, which is suspected for the compromise and the rest of the computing devices present in the same regional office are thoroughly and successfully examined for the potential authorized and unauthorized sources and the source of compromise has been explored and found. The final report is being submitted to the accountable person, the information security officer. REFERENCES Kenneth J. Zahn (2013), Case Study: 2012 DC3 Digital Forensic Challenge Basic Malware Analysis Exercise, GIAC (FREM) Gold Certification John Ashcroft (2001), Electronic Crime Scene Investigation, A guide for First Responders, NIJ Guide M Reith, C Carr, G Gunsch (2002). "An examination of digital forensic models". International Journal of Digital Evidence Richard Brian Adams (2012), The Advanced Data Acquisition Model (ADAM): A Process Model for Digital Forensic Practice Agarwal, A., Gupta, M., Gupta, S., Gupta, S. C. (2011). Systematic Digital Forensic Investigation Model, International Journal of Computer Science and Security, 5(1), 118-130. Armstrong, C. (2003), Mastering Computer Forensics. In C. Irvine H. Armstrong, Security Education and Critical Infrastructures Kluwer Academic Publishers.